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After the cotyledons have attained full length, growth in thickness begins in the area nearest the epicotyl and proceeds toward the margins.

The part bearing the tiny leaves was formerly, and is sometimes now, called the plumule, but is generally called the epicotyl, because it grows above or upon the cotyledons.

This is the epicotyl, and another growing tip pointed toward the lower end of the kernel; this is the hypocotyl or the part which penetrates the soil and forms roots.

The pea cotyledons were left down in the soil, the epicotyl alone pushing up to the surface.

Bean with one cotyledon removed, after sprouting had begun. a, Seed-coat; b, cotyledon; c, epicotyl; d, hypocotyl; e, endosperm.