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Besides the pure characterisation of the malignant cells' epigenome, the study also cross-referenced the epigenetic data with information on the sensitivity of over 300 drugs, so "now, a separate algorithm can predict which epigenetic lesion is associated with sensitivity or resistance to a medication", an important milestone for clinical research according to Dr. Esteller.

By studying mice with heart failure, the researchers found evidence of stress imprinting on the epigenome, that is, chemical changes occurred to the mice's DNA.

"In animals with heart failure, supplementing additional active TGF-β has been shown to be a potential treatment. Correcting the epigenome of hematopoietic stem cells could also be a way to deplete stress memory."

"You can't necessarily reverse genetic mutations, but when you know disease risks result from changes in the epigenome you can potentially negate them."

The set of epigenetic modifications of a cell's genome is referred to as the epigenome.