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That became the basis for their defense, known as entrapment by estoppel, in which a defendant essentially argues that he broke the law based on bad advice from a government official.

He noted the "collateral estoppel" doctrine in the case that disallows Trump and Habba from attempting to "relitigate the first trial."

Some states call them “issue preclusion,” while others use the even more cumbersome label of “collateral estoppel.”

Zamora’s lawyers also accuse the prosecution of violating the doctrine of judicial estoppel, which prevents lawyers from taking positions directly inconsistent from their prior claims.

They inevitably lead to mountains of dense legal documents with stultifying terms like “collateral estoppel” and “implied warranty of merchantability.”