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As an ethicist, her role was to ask questions, including uncomfortable ones: “Is this a good thing?”

In medicine, when there is genuine uncertainty as to whether the benefits of a treatment outweigh the harms - called equipoise - some ethicists argue there's a moral obligation to scientifically study such treatments.

Eli Shupe, a medical ethicist at the University of Texas at Arlington and the author of the paper, said she was shocked to learn about this practice.

That policy “cannot withstand critical scrutiny,” say the authors of the editorial, David Shalowitz, a gynecologic oncologist and bioethicist at West Michigan Cancer Center, and Franklin Miller, an ethicist at Weill Cornell Medicine.

A stadium full of theologians, philosophers, ethicists and politicians couldn’t come up with an authoritative answer to that question.