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At U.C.L.A., he developed theories that coalesced into a sociological subdiscipline known as ethnomethodology, which is concerned with the pool of shared knowledge and shared reasoning procedures that members of a society use to respond to the circumstances in which they find themselves.

“At the time, most sociologists believed that if you could specify the rules people lived by, you could predict their behavior,” said John Heritage, a professor of sociology at U.C.L.A. and the author of the 1984 book-length study “Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology.”

Mr. Garfinkel’s seminal work, published in 1967 under the title “Studies in Ethnomethodology,” was a series of essays that examined a number of seemingly disparate situations to expose the common-sense assumptions that are needed to make social life work.

Sociology Professor Harold Garfinkel, one of the fathers of ethnomethodology, gave Castaneda constant stimulus and harsh criticism.