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The bigger one, EVG, settled a dispute with Deutsche Bahn over pay increases to keep up with inflation last year.

A dispute between the railway operator and a rival union, the larger and traditionally less aggressive EVG, was settled earlier this year after both sides accepted a proposal by arbitrators.

Earlier this year, negotiations between Deutsche Bahn and a bigger rail workers’ union, EVG — a bitter rival of the traditionally more aggressive GDL — went to arbitration.

The ballot was preceded by months of staged hours-long or one-day “warning strikes,” called by the EVG union, a common tactic in German wage negotiations.

A majority of workers also voted in favor of a recommendation that emerged from arbitration between EVG and the rail operator, Deutsche Bahn.