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The free radical species generated, hydroxyl radical, is extremely reactive and hits DNA like a shotgun blast, causing damage everywhere, Burrows said.

However, even though it is necessary to maintain cell functions, oxygen also causes oxidative stress by forming free radicals, reactive molecules that endanger the cell.

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that harm our cells.

“Radiation forms free radicals on the surface, and they react with oxygen inside the space station, creating a metallic smell,” she says.

Seaweed is valued for its antioxidant properties, which helps protect cells against free radical damage.