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For the first time, researchers believe they have observed a supermassive black hole begin to gorge on surrounding gas, transforming itself into an active galactic nucleus—and in doing so, becoming the brightest steady light source in the universe.

They then zoomed in on the signal of each galaxy's infrared burst to determine whether the signal arose from a source other than a TDE, such as an active galactic nucleus or a supernova.

The central engine of an active galactic nucleus, comprised of a hot and turbulent accretion disk orbiting a central supermassive black hole enshrouded by a thick torus of gas and dust, plays a key role in feedback between the AGN, host galaxy and intergalactic medium.

"Observations of multiphase gases can provide a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of the distribution and dynamics of matter around a black hole and our observation marks the highest resolution ever achieved for multiphase gas observations in an active galactic nucleus," points out Izumi.

However, the research team pinpointed the location where the foreground molecular gas was absorbing the light from the active galactic nucleus shining brightly in the background.