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The procedure is called endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, and it involves using an endoscope -- a flexible tube inserted through the mouth -- rather than making an incision in the body.

Similarly, mice whose microbes came from the vertical banded gastroplasty patients added 26% less fat than did rodents that got microbes from the controls.

In 2011, a promising product that used a procedure called transoral gastroplasty, which shrunk the stomach without surgery, was shut down by investors after its results were found to be less stellar than expected.

"I personally no longer perform band gastroplasty, but I think it is defendable for surgeons to continue doing this."

“I personally no longer perform band gastroplasty, but I think it is defendable for surgeons to continue doing this,” said Jacques Himpens, the study’s lead author who works with the European School of Laparoscopic Surgery at Saint Pierre University Hospital in Brussels.