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At control sites which did not introduce the small 'taster toads' before the larger, highly poisonous adult cane toads arrived, goanna populations plummeted by up to 94 per cent.

However, at sites where taste aversion was trialled, goanna populations ranged from 35 per cent to 140 per cent of pre-invasion levels by the time the study finished.

"In parts of the Kimberley there can be five different language words associated with a goanna burrow, for example -- nesting burrows, night-time burrows and so on, so when that species disappears from the landscape, it's more difficult to practice those aspects of your culture."

"By managing the initial impact of the invasion, we see ongoing survival of goanna populations because after cane toads invade and begin breeding, plenty of baby toads will "train" the next generation of goannas, without us having to keep adding more toads to the system."

"The price today or even in the near term isn't really his focus, the focus is where's the price goanna be in the in the future."