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grammatical gender
noun
- gender based on arbitrary assignment, without regard to the referent of a noun, as in French le livre (masculine), âthe book,â and German das MĂ€dchen (neuter), âthe girl.â
yĐÄvlog History and Origins
Origin of grammatical gender1
Example Sentences
Shouldnât everyone, they ask, be equally subject to the laws of grammatical gender?
One reason is connected to Hanna et al.âs observation that, without grammatical gender, people can still gender themselves.
Linguistic variations in syntax, formality and grammatical gender pose their own problems.
âShe didnât think that grammatical gender would change the way people thought. Then we started talking about the word âgiraffe,â which is masculine in my native Russian but feminine in German.
Critics were quick to point out that grammatical gender is very different for biological sex.
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More About Grammatical Gender
What is grammatical gender?
Grammatical gender is a way of classifying nouns that unpredictably assigns them gender categories that are often not related to their real-world qualities. For example, in French, the grammatical gender of la maison (âthe houseâ) is classified as feminine, while le livre (âthe bookâ) is classified as masculine. Grammatical gender is not used in English.
Grammatical in this phrase means relating to grammar, which is basically the rules of how to construct sentences in a language. The word gender here is not really related to the way that humans identify themselves in real life. In many languages, the grammatical gender of a word affects how other words can be used with it in a sentence. The three most commonly used grammatical gender categories are masculine, feminine, and neuter, but each language differs.
Grammatical gender is contrasted with natural gender or naturalistic gender, in which nouns are classified in ways that align with their real-world qualities. Girl and boy are examples of nouns with naturalistic gender. (In English, this matters because those words can be replaced with gendered pronouns like she and he.)
Why do languages have grammatical gender?
How can the German word for girl be classified as neuterÌęwhile the word for turnip is classified as feminine? This tidbit of German linguistic trivia, once remarked upon by Mark Twain, shows the random nature of grammatical gender. Gender has been used as a grammatical term since at least the late 1300s and continues to be a part of the way linguists and grammarians talk about language today.
ÌęGrammatical gender is really just a way of sorting nouns into different categories. Other systems of noun classification may take other qualities into account, such as the nounâs shape or whether it is alive. The purpose of putting a noun in such a category is typically so that other parts of the sentence can then match it somehow: a sentenceâs main verb may have to agree with the noun that is the subject, or an adjective in the sentence may have to agree with the noun that it describes. This gender-based agreement is usually accomplished by changing some aspect of the word, such as the ending. In Spanish, for example, feminine nouns typically end in -a, while masculine nouns typically end in -o. Any adjectives being used to describe those nouns usually must have a matching -a or -o ending.
The important thing to understand about grammatical gender is that it is to some degree arbitrary. This means that whether a noun is classified as masculine or feminine (or another gender) usually isnât something you can figure outâyou just have to memorize it. (Thereâs no other way you could know why a chair is considered masculine in one language and feminine in another.)
Masculine, feminine, and neuter arenât the only grammatical gender categories, either. Some languages use more than 20 different categories. As strange and confusing as it may sound to English speakers, grammatical gender exists in about 40 percent of the worldâs languages, including many widely spoken ones, like Spanish, French, Arabic, and German. Learning grammatical gender is usually essential in order to master such languages.
Did you know ... ?
English doesnât use grammatical gender now, but it was a , including its articles.
What are the real-life examples ofÌęgrammatical gender?
So why doesnât English use grammatical gender? Check out this video for an explanation of whatâs going on with English.
<iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7GT9vhAHGTs" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
Iâve been working on a grammar book for first year Latin students. In the opening pages I wanted to introduce some things â grammatical gender, first & second declension nouns, the words ecce, est, et, sed, non and nec, and the expressions nonâŠsed, etâŠet & necâŠnec.
â Legonium (@tutubuslatinus)
Ìę
This suggests that grammatical gender *does* subtly influence the thinking of people whose native language has it (English doesnât). That research is summarised here
â D_Shariatmadari (@D_Shariatmadari)
What are some other words related toÌęgrammatical gender?
Quiz yourself!
True or false?Ìę
In languages that use grammatical gender, words with a certain gender often have to agree with other words in the sentence.
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