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Two discoveries made by the team while conducting fieldwork at Lavernock were the fossilized remains of a placodont osteoderm, and a single coelacanth gular bone.

Some birds also utilize a tactic called gular fluttering, vibrating their neck muscles while their mouths are open to regulate their internal temperatures, according to Nat Seavy, the director of migration science for National Audubon Society’s Migratory Bird Initiative.

On Oak Island, North Carolina, in late February, Sea Biscuit Wildlife Shelter treated 16 juvenile brown pelicans having problems moving and eating because of frostbite on their feet and in their gular pouches.

Here was Ahlum: “A three-car battle down the backstretch, Von Dohren moving high. We’ve got a big herd of racecars behind him. Gular leads.”

Gular scutes are more pronounced in males, who use them as weapons to flip an opponent over in a fight, Madrak says.