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In bees, males are typically haploid and have only one set of chromosomes, but when they're inbred, they can have two sets of the same chromosomes and lack genetic diversity.

In this case, the ants have haploid cells from two divergent lineages: R and W. Humans, for example, have X and Y haploid cells.

He also noted that gourds have a lot of diversity in their gene pool: cucumbers only have 7 haploid chromosomes, while watermelons have 11.

“It is imaginative by combining two technologies: haploid induction and genome editing.”

The authors tested the effect of inactivating the human versions of six of these genes in vitro in haploid cancer cells — cancer cells that contain only one copy of each gene.