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The haplotype is found in about 16% of the population in Europe and half the population in South Asia, while in Africa and East Asia it is non-existent.

That single strand often will also give enough genetic information to determine the animal’s haplotype, or regional family marker.

Construction of the third generation Zea mays haplotype map.

A general approach for haplotype phasing across the full spectrum of relatedness.

The x axis shows the relative position to the centre of the two fragments within each haplotype. c, The Y-chromosome phylogeny is shown along with the number of structural variations for each main branch.