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Diaz Artiles and her team are investigating potential countermeasures to help counteract the headward fluid shifts of SANS.

Researchers understand even less about astronauts’ neurological states and whether cognition is affected by the pressure that fluids shifting headward put on the brain.

On flat surfaces, the wave starts with the last leg and travels headward.

“The study measured the structure and function of the internal jugular vein in long-duration spaceflight where astronauts are exposed to sustained headward blood and tissue fluid shifts,” scientists explain, in the statement.

Like other astronauts, he endured the stresses of microgravity, cosmic radiation and “headward fluid shift,” in which blood and tissue fluid collect in the head.