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“Importantly, the new findings suggest a wetter and potentially more habitable past for Mars because ferrihydrite forms in the presence of cool water, and at lower temperatures than other previously considered minerals, like hematite.”

With a microscope, the researchers also found a rust reddish pigment on the ornaments—likely cinnabar or hematite that were sprinkled or painted on the bodies of deceased royals as part of burial rites.

When the team analysed the dried-up powder, they found it contained hematite, "giving the paste a deep red colour".

Researchers led by the University of Cambridge used a technique known as diamond quantum sensing to observe swirling textures and faint magnetic signals on the surface of hematite, a type of iron oxide.

The rocks were rust-red because of the presence of a mineral, hematite, that also accounts for the red color of Mars, he said.