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Check the underside of the hindwing, where differences are most apparent.

Ermine moths produce ultrasonic clicking sounds twice per wingbeat cycle using a minute corrugated membrane in their hindwing.

Both males and females also make a buzzing noise by rubbing the forewing against the hindwing when they sense danger.

But when Rubin enlarged the polyphemus hindwing lobe, twice as many escaped the bat’s sonar, or echolocation system.

Moth tails vary from species to species: Some have big lobes at the bottom of the hindwing instead of a distinctive tail; others have just a short protrusion.