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The researchers, who published their results recently in Nature, identified a new role for an old bacterial enzyme, known as bile salt hydrolase, or BSH.

To test their hypothesis that bile salt hydrolase is involved in the creation of bile acids, the researchers took a multipronged approach.

Normally, they are broken down by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase, or FAAH.

The Me-His residue in the modified enzymes acts as a nucleophilic catalyst that is broadly analogous to the nucleophilic residues found in serine hydrolase and cysteine hydrolase enzymes.

The enzyme—organophosphorus hydrolase, or OPH, which breaks down OPs into harmless components—also worked without the cloak, but only for a few brief hours.