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The sulfate deposit, made mainly of jarosite, a hydrous sulfate, was interpreted to have formed when the blanket of volcanic pyroclastic materials came to rest on a glacier and reacted chemically with the ice.

The voids correspond to the water vapor released from the Ryugu's hydrous silicates and subsequently captured in the melt splashes.

Unlike meteorites derived from similar hydrous asteroids, the Ryugu samples avoided terrestrial alteration -- the interaction with oxygen and water in the Earth's atmosphere.

The reduction was previously attributed10,11 to deep dehydration melting — the process in which water is released from the crystal structures of hydrous minerals, causing melting.

Sun, V. Z. & Milliken, R. E. Ancient and recent clay formation on Mars as revealed from a global survey of hydrous minerals in crater central peaks.