�y��vlog

The only difference between cyanidin and delphinidin is that the latter has an extra oxygen atom on one of its rings, put there by an enzyme called flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase.

By 1991, he and his colleagues had identified and patented the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene in petunias.

In a 2017 Science Advances paper, the researchers reported that inserting the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene from bellflowers into red chrysanthemums, along with a gene that adds a glucose molecule, resulted in "the most blueshifted flowers" ever genetically engineered.

In both settings, the authors found that animals given metyrosine, a drug that inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, had lower catecholamine and cytokine levels and increased survival rates compared with mice that did not receive the inhibitor.

Willing, J., Cortes, L. R., Brodsky, J. M., Kim, T. & Juraska, J. M. Innervation of the medial prefrontal cortex by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers during adolescence in male and female rats.