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They had found that during REM sleep the neurotransmitter acetylcholine acts on certain receptors on the hypoglossal nerve to powerfully inhibit activation of the genioglossus.

A newer procedure, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, uses a small device implanted in the chest to help control the movement of the tongue when it blocks the airway.

A head and neck surgeon, working through an incision in the side of the neck, under the patient's jaw, places an electrode on the hypoglossal nerve, which controls the muscles of the tongue.

One involves a small device similar to a pacemaker that is surgically implanted under the skin, and attached to a wire that runs to the hypoglossal nerve, which controls the tongue.

"Roman nationality, hypoglossal paresis, lost helmet and ingestion of the magic potion were significantly correlated with severe initial impairment of consciousness."