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The team then used lab techniques to mimic repeated transmission of a human-origin virus in mice, testing the protein's role in the pace of mutations that lead to interspecies adaptation.

David Rothenberg is one of the musicians who has performed for whales alongside Nollman, and believes making interspecies music is more of an exercise in empathy than an attempt to find specific definitions of sounds.

But researchers have debated when and how often that interspecies mingling happened.

In most vertebrates, however, interspecies competition is known to play an important role.

Her videos reveal moving expressions of interspecies bonding, with dogs voraciously licking her face, or melting into her lap as she massages them.