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The Descent of the Holy Spirit is greatly ruined, and in the Ascension the intonaco has peeled off, showing the bricks, so that the apostles have the appearance of looking over a wall.

The slow drying of the intonaco gave Michelangelo all the time he needed to correct his shadows without having to use the washes of black pigment and glue size that the critics believe to be his handiwork.

It is done in water- soluble pigments on freshly laid sections of damp plaster -- the intonaco.

Two kinds of intonaco are used, one hard and white, the other grey and sandier.

Andrea introduced the practice of covering the fa�ades of houses and palaces with an intonaco of lime mixed with the black of ground charcoal, or rather, burnt straw, on which intonaco, when still fresh, he spread a layer of white plaster.