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We still do not understand how it works, or why so many structurally unrelated chemicals – diethyl ether, chloroform, halothane, isoflurane, and even the inert noble gas xenon – all knock out animals equally well.

Ether is no longer used in general anesthesia, and has been replaced by different “volatile” agents — such as sevoflurane and isoflurane.

Before imaging, mice were anaesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, placed in a supine position, and their colons evacuated of stool using a gavage needle.

Blood was collected from the orbital sinus under isoflurane anaesthesia.

Once the cats registered flat EEG readings, the researchers upped the dose of isoflurane, placing the cats in deeper comas.