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The structures show a large active site with a lateral portal that is likely to give access to the long-chain isoprenoid substrates.

To produce bisabolene in E. coli, five plant isoprenoid synthases were screened for efficient conversion of farnesyl diphosphate into bisabolene, and the protein expression of the best one was improved using codon optimization for .

The isoprenoid and fatty-acid biosynthetic pathways produce a variety of regularly branched, cyclic and linear hydrocarbons, but the degree to which the hydrocarbons can be tailored is limited.

Despite tremendous investments in isoprenoid and fatty-acid-derived products, commercial success has yet to be demonstrated.