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Bertone, G., Hooper, D. & Silk, J. Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints.

Tentatively called a "J" particle by Ting's team, which used the 33 billion-electron-volt accelerator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and a "Psi" particle by Richter's group at the two-mile-long Stanford Linear Accelerator, it was the heaviest atomic fragment ever found�almost 3% times more massive than the proton.

The bit of matter, called the J particle by Ting and the psi particle by Richter, gave solid experimental support to the evolving theory that the basic building blocks of matter are a family of particles called quarks.

The discovery of the J particle, he says frankly, was "revolutionary."