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Niger has been plagued by jihadist attacks for many years - one of the issues junta leaders cited when staging their coup.

It also drew comments from Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz, who said that Al-Sharaa “removed the mask, revealing his true face: a jihadist terrorist from the Al Qaeda school, committing atrocities against the Alawite civilian population.”

Unlike in the West where "lone actor terrorism is on the rise", the Sahel, has seen the rapid expansion of militant jihadist groups, according to the report.

Jihadist groups sustain their operations in the Sahel with a range of illicit economic activities, including kidnap for ransom and cattle rustling, according to the GTI report.

For many years, the Malian government has been struggling against both Tuareg rebels seeking a breakaway state in the north and jihadist groups linked to Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State group.