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“There’s full expansion, regular preaching. They’re establishing cells, they have a lot of presence,” said Kars de Bruijne, senior research fellow and head of the Sahel program at the Clingendael Institute.

“When you talk about the Sahel, geopolitical interests are limited,” said Kars de Bruijne, senior research fellow with Clingendael, a Dutch-based research organization.

Marjoleine Kars teaches history at the University of Maryland Baltimore County and is the author of “Blood on the River,” about a massive 1763 slave rebellion in Dutch Guyana.

Mazmanyan’s descendants were from Kars, in today’s Turkey, and were survivors of the genocide.

Also on Friday, the Interior Ministry said the mayor of northeastern province Kars, Ayhan Bilgen, who was among those remanded in custody, was removed from his position and replaced by the provincial governor.