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Associate Professor Luciani said the study provides valuable insights into the complexity of killer T cell responses as we age.

Aside from promoting blood vessel formation, this factor, secreted by cancer cells, also hampers killer T cell entry into tumors.

Additionally, they demonstrate the benefit of pairing beta-blockers with existing immunotherapies to improve cancer treatment by bolstering killer T cell function.

One of a killer T cell’s most important weapons is perforin, a protein that punctures the outer membrane of the target cell.

Interleukin-1 is important for developing the killer T cell response against the virus, but it also affects the part of the brain in the hypothalamus that regulates body temperature, resulting in fever and headaches.