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My surgeon had given me the results of a laparoscopy, which revealed my fallopian tubes were blocked and sperm couldn’t get where it needed to be.

Ms Davies is due to undergo a third laparoscopy next month to remove tissue - a procedure she says she has waited 70 weeks for.

Think of it as brain surgery’s answer to laparoscopy: The approach allows the doctor to make repairs in the brain without having to open up a patient’s skull.

Surgical options range from a minimally invasive laparoscopy procedure to more involved surgery that pulls the stomach back down into the abdomen.

In studies of gastrointestinal surgery, life-threatening complications ranged from 0 to 2 percent for robot-assisted surgery, from 0 to 3 percent for laparoscopy and from 1 to 4 percent for open surgeries.