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The Cern team has now brought that down to more than -100C, using a technique called laser cooling.

In their study, recently published in Physical Review Letters, they report that they were able to lower the temperature of a sound wave in an optical fiber initially at room temperature by 219 K using laser cooling, ten times further than had previously been reported.

One immediate step is to use laser cooling to make the antihydrogen atoms even colder, correspondingly boosting ALPHA’s sensitivity to gravity’s effects.

You can get very close; thanks to laser cooling, physicists can chill atoms to a few millionths of a degree above the ultimate coldness.

The experiment employed multiple standard approaches to reach its stunning precision, starting with the laser cooling of a cloud of rubidium atoms.