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Around 95% of plants use C3 photosynthesis, in which mesophyll cells -- green spongy cells that live inside leaves -- turn light, water, and carbon dioxide into plant-powering sugars.

The study verified that wildfire smoke does change light, water temperature and oxygen in lakes -- the basic drivers of lake function and health -- but those changes are as variable as the unique lakes studied.

Photosynthesis is the central process by which plants build up biomass using light, water and the carbon dioxide from the air.

The reason for this was thought to be that species-rich systems produce more biomass because they can utilise resources such as light, water and nutrients more efficiently.

"Understanding where, and how much, of that fresh and light water enters the Atlantic Ocean is critical to predict how the circulation may evolve under climate change," Duyck says.