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Although their order may change, the genes on a chromosome form a kind of linkage group: they don’t usually shuffle with genes on other chromosomes.

Letters next to each linkage group name indicate putative assignments of the linkage group to the A or B sub-genome.

The ‘Adaptive MHC’ encodes tightly-linked essential genes involved in antigen presentation to T cells; this group of genes is the primordial linkage group and has been preserved in most non-mammalian vertebrates, including Xenopus.

Black bands in each linkage group represent mapped markers.

Black bands in each linkage group represent mapped markers.