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The magnetic fields induced by each atomic magnetic moment cancel each other out, so the helical magnets do not generate any macroscopic magnetic field.

While ferromagnets, which we all know from refrigerator magnets, have all their magnetic moments aligned in the same direction, antiferromagnets have alternating magnetic moments.

The fundamental magnetic phases are defined by the specific spontaneous arrangements of magnetic moments -- or electron spins -- and of atoms that carry the moments in crystals.

"The remaining unpaired magnetic moments could be entangled with each other, manipulated with external magnetic fields and thus used for data storage or computational operations in quantum computers," says the solid-state physicist Pustogow.

In the Kondo effect, on the other hand, the magnetic moment is neutralized by its the electron interactions.