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The junctions or lugs are usually of malleable cast iron, bored to fit the outside of the tube, the final union being effected by brazing.

The chemical kind of annealing is specifically that employed in the manufacture of malleable cast iron.

The headers are usually of malleable cast iron with diaphragms cast in them, but sometimes steel has been employed, the bottoms being closed by a riveted steel plate, and the diaphragms being made of the same material.

The metal band or belt conveyor, a modification of the rubber or canvas band conveyors, is an endless belt composed of iron plates connected to endless chains, usually of malleable cast iron, running under the plates.

These are of malleable cast iron, with an internal vertical flange around the hole A. This fits in a bell on the end of the cast-iron pipe B, which is luted in position with fireclay before the packing begins.