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To test whether these males’ pseudostingers might deter attackers, the researchers enclosed male mason wasps with one of their predators, a tree frog.

To test whether these male pseudostingers might deter attackers, the researchers placed male mason wasps inside an enclosure with one of their predators, a tree frog.

The mason wasps, or mud-daubers, build their compartment houses generally in places easily accessible to the investigator; therefore the experiments and observations which I am about to detail can be duplicated and verified without difficulty.

There is a kind of wasp called the mason wasp, which bores holes several inches deep in sand-banks.