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"Our method considered distortions caused by the perspective between the water space and the image plane. Since the shape of the manatee is closer to an ellipse than a circle, we used AGK to best represent the manatee contour and estimate manatee density in the scene. This allows density map to be more accurate, in terms of mean absolute errors and root mean square error, than other alternatives in estimating manatees' numbers."

Unlike a standard error, a root mean square error does not easily translate into a traditional statistical confidence interval for the vote count for an individual candidate or the vote differential between two candidates.

However, a mean square error is a measure of uncertainty that incorporates the variability associated with the poll estimates, as well as the bias associated with the estimates derived from a nonprobabilty sample.

AUC, area under curve; Gini, Gini coefficient; RMSE, root mean square error.

AUC, area under curve; Gini, Gini coefficient; RMSE, root mean square error.