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Latvia traces its Christmas tree traditions back to 1510, when a merchant guild called the House of the Black Heads carried a tree through the city, decorated it, and later burned it down.

Hoastman, hōst′man, n. a member of an old merchant guild in Newcastle, with charge of coal-shipping, &c.

He was dismissed from the privy council; his portrait was removed from the hall of Trinity College; the Merchant Guild of Dublin struck his name off their rolls.

In towns not large enough to admit of distinct companies, one merchant guild comprehended the traders in general, or the chief of them; and this, from the reign of Henry II. downwards, became the subject of incorporating charters.

The earliest unmistakable mention of the merchant guild is at the end of the eleventh or the beginning of the twelfth century.