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The researchers further investigated eight of the samples via 3D-guided microdissection and DNA sequencing of specific PanINs.

Dr. Shtanko and her team plan to try to find answers using advanced technologies such laser microdissection, mass spectrometry and low-abundance RNA sequencing.

They used laser capture microdissection to isolate 1,182 samples, which were then analysed by whole genome or exome sequencing4.

In each case, the authors meticulously isolated the glands using a technique called laser-capture microdissection to separate the epithelial tissue, which lines the gland, from the surrounding stromal cells that make up the gland’s connective tissue.

She used microdissection of cadavers and magnetic resonance imaging of living women to reveal what only a few brave anatomists had ever dared to point out.