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Building on results from previous studies, Tahirovic and colleagues focused on the "microglia": these cells belong to the brain's immune system and are therefore specialized in combating pathogens and other threats.

Bernard said inflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson's disease when microglia, specific immune cells in the brain, enter a supercharged state.

This helps the brain recruit microglia, cells responsible for removing beta amyloid, which is believed to play a central role in Alzheimer's pathology.

Astrocytes often also ask for help from microglia, but because they can be quite aggressive, they sometimes worsen inflammation.

This influx forces neurons to offload the excess to immune cells in the brain, called microglia.