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The results help explain why stars born from the same molecular cloud can possess different chemical composition and host different planetary systems, as well as pose challenges to current stellar and planet formation models.

These stellar pairs are born together out of the same molecular cloud from a shared abundance of chemical building blocks, so astronomers would expect to find that they have nearly identical compositions and planetary systems.

The third possible explanation looks back at the beginning of the stars' formation, suggesting that the differences originate from primordial, or pre-existing, areas of nonuniformity within the molecular cloud.

In simpler terms, if the molecular cloud has an uneven distribution of chemical elements, then stars born within that cloud will have different compositions depending on which elements were available at the location where each formed.

This leaves primordial inhomogeneities within the molecular cloud as the confirmed explanation.