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The researchers found a similar level of natural genetic mutations in the blood of the two groups - 217 frequent and 212 irregular donors.

The CDC, for example, provides free molecular sequencing to help public health laboratories detect mutations in the bacteria early, a vital service to prevent spread of antibiotic-resistant strains.

Just a few mutations could make this strain adept at spreading between people.

This is exactly the sort of scenario that makes viral evolution more likely, hastening the day when H5N1 achieves the very few mutations required for it to transmit easily from human-to-human.

If scientists could find a way to create specific mutations to break the protein interaction, it could be a lead on a future vaccine — but it is a difficult problem to solve, Shah said.