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In order to close this gap and demonstrate the reliability of the ANE method for visualising magnetic structures on the nanometre scale, the researchers used a magnetic vortex structure.

According to the study, "fluctuations in density, energy and entropy in water are regulated by these quantum interactions, with effects ranging from the nanometre to the macroscopic scale," says researcher Luis E. Coronas.

In some materials, spins form complex magnetic structures within the nanometre and micrometre scale in which the magnetization direction twists and curls along specific directions.

This high-resolution method is primarily used to print microstructures in the nanometre and micrometre range -- not for printing three-dimensional structures in the cubic millimetre range.

Nanoprobes or optical tweezers with sizes in the nanometre range are now within reach.