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Niacin, also called Vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid, is vital for their metabolism.

The authors state their findings suggest that "daily use of pod-based e-cigarettes or e-cigarettes containing high levels of nicotinic salts over months to years, may cause inflammation in various organs, increasing the risk of disease and poor health."

That missing vitamin was nicotinic acid, later known as niacin, and it helps us evade pellagra.

Mikhailova said the prison paramedic prescribed diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, and nicotinic acid, which have not been used “in medicine for 30 years.”

"The nicotinic acid hypothesis that is the basis for all of these studies is not unreasonable from a molecular standpoint," Medford told Salon.