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In a 1979 paper, “Time without end: Physics and biology in an open universe,” Dyson asserts that the universe has a point, a purpose, as long as it harbors intelligence.

And yet something ineffable and meaningful remains, an unquenchable spirit, still in motion, drifting upward toward heaven, or the open universe, or the stars.

This creates a flat, and open, universe.

The difference between a closed and open universe is a bit like the difference between a stretched flat sheet and an inflated balloon, Melchiorri told Live Science.

He wrote his 1979 paper “Time Without End: Physics and Biology in an Open Universe,” in response to Steven Weinberg’s infamous remark that “the more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless.”