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The metals also accumulate in the tissues of animals exposed to them, and then make their way up the food chain as those organisms are eaten by larger ones.

This means that having strong social support before a tragedy can help organisms better resist stress damage.

The collision happened within an environmentally rich area - both for marine species but also onshore populations of birds who feed on fish and other aquatic organisms.

The last common ancestor of plants and animals was a little single-celled organism that lived around 1.5 billion of years ago.

Most often, paleoecologists use modern understanding of how organisms interact with their environment and apply them to what we know about the past in order to bring it to life, as it were.