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That approach revealed that exercise does appear to promote the growth of osteophytes, or bony spurs, in the knee joint.

Activity, especially lots of it, was ‘‘associated with an increase in radiographic osteophytes,’’ or bone spurs, the authors wrote, a condition that long has been accepted as an early indication of knee arthritis.

Bones may occasionally grow in such a profuse and irregular manner that the product, or osteophyte, assumes the character of a tumor.