�y��vlog

It is clear, for instance, that if the universal affirmative is taken connotatively as a scientific law, and not historically, no real inference is achieved by stating as another scientific fact its converse, the particular affirmative.

And the universal negative "nobody calls on her" is well met by the particular affirmative "I called yesterday."

Each figure is divided into modes, according to what are called the quantity and quality of the propositions, that is, according as they are universal or particular, affirmative or negative.

The original proposition, Some A is not B, is first changed into a proposition æquipollent with it, Some A is “a thing which is not B”; and the proposition, being now no longer a particular negative, but a particular affirmative, admits of conversion in the first mode, or, as it is called, simple conversion.

If these alone constituted good society in America, we might simply adopt the European distinctions, and settle the chaperone question by a particular affirmative referring to these alone.