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“And this light,” he said, adjusting the angle of the pencil beam, “and that’s it.”

Dr Kavanagh explained: "We will have digital beam-forming and steering, which means in practice that we can generate multiple beams looking in multiple directions, so that we can cover a volume of the sky rather just look at what we like to call a pencil beam."

A jimmy, a lockpick, glass cutters, screwdrivers, pencil- beam flashlights, false keys . . . and my small arsenal of guns.

Astronomers need hundreds and thousands of such pencil beam observations towards different stars before such maps begin to make sense.

They formed a slender pencil beam that hardly spread out at all.