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The only hiccup came when the recovered peridotite rocks contained veins of asbestos, prompting increased safety protocols.

A mantle rock called peridotite reacts with water and air once it’s exposed, sucking out carbon dioxide and petrifying it—a lot of it—in newly created minerals.

The Lost City vents were found to arise by a process termed serpentinization — a chemical interaction between water and a type of rock called peridotite that contains minerals enriched in magnesium, iron and silica.

For instance, scientists have long known that certain minerals, like peridotite, can bind with carbon dioxide in the air and essentially convert the gas into solid rock.

We know that to a depth of about a hundred miles the mantle consists predominantly of a type of rock known as peridotite, but what fills the space beyond is uncertain.